GHK-Cu

GHK-Cu (Glycyl-L-Histidyl-L-Lysine Copper Complex) is a naturally occurring copper-binding tripeptide found in human plasma, saliva, and urine. It is studied in research for its effects on extracellular matrix remodeling, gene expression modulation, and metalloproteinase regulation in cellular models.

GHK-Cu is a naturally occurring copper-binding tripeptide (Gly-His-Lys:Cu²⁺) studied in laboratory research for its broad effects on gene expression, extracellular matrix remodeling, and metalloenzyme regulation. Supplied as a lyophilized research peptide-copper complex.

GHK was first identified by Dr. Loren Pickart in the 1970s from human albumin studies. Its copper complex (GHK-Cu) was subsequently characterized as having significant bioactivity. Research over the following decades identified its role in collagen synthesis, decorin production, and broad gene expression modulation affecting multiple pathways including DNA repair and antioxidant systems.

In vitro studies have shown that GHK-Cu modulates the expression of over 4,000 genes in human fibroblast cultures, including upregulation of collagen synthesis, decorin, and antioxidant enzyme genes. Research demonstrates its effects on metalloproteinase activity, glycosaminoglycan synthesis, and growth factor signaling. Studies also examine copper delivery mechanisms and their role in tissue remodeling assays.